2620

Authorization procedure and Trade Register aspects for CAEN 2620

The establishment of a company carrying out the activity classified under CAEN 2620 – Manufacture of computers and peripheral equipment – requires strict compliance with the procedures established by the Trade Register (ONRC) and related legislation. At registration, a declaration on own responsibility according to Law 359/2004 must be submitted, through which the administrator confirms compliance with the legal conditions for operation, including those regarding fire safety and labor protection, depending on the specifics of production. The main object of activity shall be entered in the articles of association under code CAEN 2620, and for the registered office a valid contract (ownership, commodatum or lease) is required and, where applicable, the consent of neighbors or the homeowners' association for carrying out industrial activity at that address.

Regulatory framework, specific approvals and control institutions

Although the manufacture of computers and peripherals is not a strictly regulated activity requiring prior licensing from authorities, there are obligations related to technical and environmental standards. Manufacturers must comply with the requirements of the ROHS Directive on restrictions on hazardous substances and the WEEE Directive on waste electrical and electronic equipment, transposed into national legislation by Government Decisions 992/2004 and 1037/2010. The main control institutions are the Environmental Guard, the Fire Inspectorate (ISU) and the Labor Inspectorate (ITM). Also, if products are marketed on the Romanian market, CE declarations of conformity and CE marking may be required, according to harmonized standards. For predominantly assembly activities, an environmental permit may not be required, but registration as a waste generator with the Environmental Protection Agency is mandatory.

Tax management, ANAF audit risk and specific accounting

From a tax perspective, the manufacture of computers falls under the sphere of production, with direct implications for storage costs and depreciation of machinery. Corporate income tax is calculated at the standard rate of 16%, but companies with a turnover below EUR 1,000,000 may opt for the micro-enterprise income tax (1% or 3% of income, depending on the number of employees and other conditions). VAT is applied at the rate of 19%, with the possibility of deducting purchases of raw materials, components and machinery. Invoicing in the RO e-Factura system is mandatory from 1 July 2024 for B2B relationships, and the reporting of declarations 394 and 406 must be accurate. A major risk of ANAF audit arises in the case of incorrect declaration of production costs or undervaluation of revenues, especially in intra-Community transactions with electronic components. Entrepreneurs must pay attention to the correct recording of import operations (for example, motherboards, processors) and to the justification of stocks through periodic inventory. In addition, for employees, the tax vector is updated with the Labor Inspectorate (ITM) and ANAF, and declarations regarding income tax and social contributions are submitted monthly through declaration 112. Practical tips: keep strict records of development (research) expenses for possible tax facilities, and document all stock adjustments to avoid negative VAT adjustments during inspection.