CECAEN Rev 3
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Division 18

Division 18: Printing and reproduction of recorded media

This macro-category, simply called "Printing," covers all activities related to the production of printed materials, from books and magazines to packaging and labels. If your business prints on paper, cardboard, plastic, metal or other substrates, or offers finishing services (binding, cutting, folding), your activity falls under this category.

Included Activities & Applicability

  • ✅ Printing of newspapers
  • ✅ magazines
  • ✅ books
  • ✅ brochures
  • ✅ forms and other printed materials Printing of labels and packaging of paper and cardboard Printing on textiles
  • ✅ plastic
  • ✅ glass
  • ✅ metal
  • ✅ wood and ceramics Pre-press services
  • ✅ including composition and montage Finishing activities such as binding
  • ✅ folding
  • ✅ stitching and cutting Digital printing and print-on-demand

Excluded Activities & Restrictions

  • ❌ Publishing of publications (falls under Division 58)
  • ❌ Advertising through printed billboards (part of Division 73)
  • ❌ Manufacture of paper and cardboard (included in Division 17)
  • ❌ Document copying activities (part of Division 82)
  • ❌ Printing on clothing articles (found in Division 14)

Subordinate Structure

181 Other printing activities n.e.c.
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1811 Printing of newspapers
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1812 Other printing activities n.e.c.
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1813 Prepress services
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1814 Bookbinding and related services
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182 Reproduction of recorded media
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1820 Reproduction of recordings
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Detailed Analysis & Commercial Insights

Printing Industry in Romania – Division 18 CAEN

The printing industry in Romania, defined by CAEN Division 18, represents a mature sector undergoing profound transformation. From traditional offset printing to accelerated digitalization, this economic niche combines classic technologies with modern print-on-demand requirements and mass customization. The local market is dominated by SMEs serving both domestic clients (publishers, retail companies, the food industry for packaging) and external partners, with Romania having a comparative advantage through competitive labor costs. In recent years, digitalization has enabled printers to quickly respond to small orders, and sustainability has become an essential criterion – demand for recycled paper and eco-friendly inks is growing. Major challenges include raw material price volatility, fierce competition from Eastern Europe, and adaptation to new hybrid technologies. Nevertheless, the potential remains high, especially in the segments of customized packaging and smart labels, where innovation can bring a significant competitive edge. Entrepreneurs in this field must constantly invest in high-performance machinery and develop strategic partnerships with material suppliers to cope with the accelerated market changes.