2731

Authorisation procedure and Trade Register aspects for NACE 2731

Registration at the Trade Register (ONRC) for NACE 2731 involves submitting the registration application, the constitutive documents (LLC, PLC, etc.), and the sworn declaration according to Law 359/2004 regarding the fulfilment of operating conditions. No prior authorisations from the ONRC are required for this class, but correct classification of the main activity object is essential. When completing the application, specify 'Manufacture of fibre optic cables' as the main or secondary object. For the registered office, proof of the right of use (lease agreement, property right) is required. Additionally, for companies with significant contributions in technology or equipment, an evaluation may be requested. After registration, the registration certificate and the unique registration code (CUI) are obtained, and within 30 days the fiscal file must be communicated to the Tax Authority (ANAF).

Regulatory framework, specific permits and control institutions

Carrying out the activity of manufacturing fibre optic cables involves complying with technical regulations on fire safety (ISU permit), labour protection (ITM), and occupational health and safety rules. Also applicable are the SR EN 60793 and SR EN 60794 standards for optical fibres. State control is exercised by the National Authority for Consumer Protection (ANPC) and the Environmental Guard, as the manufacturing process may generate hazardous waste (pollutants, solvents). An environmental permit (Environmental Agreement or Integrated Permit) from the Environmental Protection Agency (APM) is required, depending on production capacity. Finished products must meet the essential requirements for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC Directive 2014/30/EU) and, where applicable, CE marking. For export, the customs regime and certificates of origin apply.

Fiscal management, ANAF audit risk and specific accounting

From an accounting perspective, manufacturing fibre optic cables falls under industrial production. The provisions of the Fiscal Code regarding profit tax (16%) and VAT (standard rate 19%) apply. Companies must record sales revenue at the time of issuing the invoice, and production costs (raw materials: silica preforms, acrylate, copper for connectors) are recorded in the material expense accounts (301, 302). For inventories, valuation at production cost or standard cost is recommended. Depreciation of lamination and control equipment follows the normal useful life (17-20 years for technological lines). The risk of an ANAF audit is medium to high, due to profit margins in intra-group sales (transfer pricing) and the high value of raw materials. It is recommended to prepare a transfer pricing file. Also, the cash accounting VAT regime applies if the turnover is below 4.5 million lei (according to GEO 34/2014). For exports, a 0% VAT rate applies provided that transport is evidenced by customs documents. No special tax facilities apply to this class, but non-reimbursable funds for modernisation can be accessed (e.g., PNRR or environmental grants).