01

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing – The Foundation of Romania's Primary Economy

Agriculture, forestry and fishing, grouped under CAEN code 01, represent the foundation of Romania's primary economy. With a significant contribution to GDP formation and ensuring food security, this sector employs hundreds of thousands of Romanians, especially in rural areas. Tobacco cultivation, although seemingly a narrow niche, has a long tradition in certain regions of the country, such as Moldova, and generates consistent income for small producers. However, entrepreneurs in this field face major challenges: European subsidies are difficult to access due to bureaucracy, volatility in input prices (fertilizers, fuels) erodes margins, and climate change requires adaptation of varieties and cultivation technologies. In addition to tobacco, the sector includes animal husbandry, forestry and fishing, each with its own specifics. In forestry, sustainable forest exploitation remains a priority, and in fishing, aquaculture is gaining ground as an alternative to traditional fishing. To remain competitive, Romanian farms must invest in mechanization, irrigation and digitalization, but also associate in cooperatives to better negotiate prices. With the support of European funds and national policies, this sector can become a driver of sustainable growth, attracting young labor and contributing to balancing the agri-food trade balance. Entrepreneurs choosing CAEN 01 must be prepared to navigate a business environment full of uncertainties, but also real opportunities, especially in the context of the growing demand for organic and sustainable products.