CECAEN Rev 3
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Division 97

Activities of private households as employers of domestic personnel

This category includes private households that employ domestic staff such as nannies, maids, or gardeners. It does not include specialized companies offering these services, but only direct employment by individuals for the household's own needs.

Included Activities & Applicability

  • ✅ Employment of domestic personnel by private households
  • ✅ such as maids
  • ✅ cooks
  • ✅ gardeners
  • ✅ nannies
  • ✅ caretakers
  • ✅ etc. Housekeeping and home maintenance activities performed by household employees. Childcare
  • ✅ elderly care
  • ✅ or care for sick persons within the household.

Excluded Activities & Restrictions

  • ❌ Service activities provided by specialized legal entities (cleaning companies
  • ❌ care agencies). Medical or health care services (these are classified in the health sector). Production or sale of goods by households (e.g.
  • ❌ agriculture for own consumption).

Subordinate Structure

970 Activities of private households as employers of domestic personnel
→
9700 Activities of private households as employers of domestic personnel
→

Detailed Analysis & Commercial Insights

CAEN Code 97: Activities of Private Households as Employers of Domestic Personnel

CAEN Code 97 is a special macroeconomic category that refers to activities carried out by private households as employers of domestic personnel. This includes the direct employment of individuals who provide domestic services such as cleaning, cooking, childcare or elderly care, gardening, and other household maintenance activities. Unlike specialized companies, here the household acts as the employer, and staff are paid directly. In Romania, this category reflects an important informal labor market, which can be formalized through individual employment contracts. Although it does not generate significant macroeconomic value in terms of turnover, it contributes to the well-being of families and the creation of local jobs. The main challenges for entrepreneurs (households) employing domestic staff are labor legislation, taxes and social contributions, as well as unfamiliarity with administrative procedures. However, formalizing these employment relationships brings benefits both for the employer (tax deductions, legal certainty) and for the employee (social insurance, pensions). In the context of digitalization, online platforms facilitate finding and hiring domestic staff, but compliance with regulations remains essential. As Romania's economy develops, the need for formal domestic services will increase, and CAEN Code 97 will remain relevant for the correct classification of these activities.