Industry of uranium and thorium ore extraction, coded CAEN 072, represents one of the most specialized and regulated branches of the Romanian mining sector.
Although globally this activity is concentrated in a few countries with significant reserves, Romania had an important tradition in uranium exploitation, especially through the subsidiary CNU (National Uranium Company). From a macroeconomic perspective, uranium is a strategic energy resource used in nuclear power plants for electricity production, while thorium, though less exploited, is considered a potential fuel of the future.
The evolution of this niche has been strongly influenced by the geopolitical context and regulations on nuclear non-proliferation. After 1990, exploitation decreased significantly, but the interest in clean nuclear energy brings back into discussion the need to develop extraction capacities.
Entrepreneurs operating in this field face major challenges, such as the strict bureaucracy imposed by the Nuclear Agency and the Autonomous Authority for Nuclear Activities, high exploration and compliance costs with security standards, as well as social acceptance of nuclear mining projects. Nevertheless, for investors with capital and expertise, CAEN 072 offers long-term opportunities, considering that Romania holds uranium reserves in areas such as Bihor and Suceava, and the demand for fuel for nuclear power plants is increasing.
In conclusion, this macroeconomic division is a niche one, but with a major strategic impact on national energy security and the transition towards low-carbon energy.