4690

Authorization procedure and Trade Register aspects for CAEN 4690

The activity of non-specialized wholesale trade involves the bulk sale of a wide range of goods without specialization in a particular field. When registering with the Trade Register, the main activity is declared according to CAEN classification 4690. For legal entities, it is mandatory to submit the registration application to the Trade Register (ONRC), accompanied by the constitutive documents (company contract, bylaws) and proof of the registered office. For authorized individuals (PFA), registration with the Trade Register is required, specifying the relevant secondary object of activity.

Depending on the types of goods traded, additional permits may be necessary. If the activity involves food products, ANSVSA rules apply; for chemical or dangerous products, registration with the ISU (Emergency Inspectorate) is required. There is no strictly mandatory permit solely for CAEN 4690, but an analysis of the portfolio goods is essential. The affidavit under Law 359/2004 attests to the fulfillment of operating conditions, including possession of adequate storage spaces.

Regulatory framework, specific permits and control institutions

The main applicable normative acts are Law 31/1990 on companies, Government Ordinance 44/2008 for PFA and the Fiscal Code. Fiscal control is exercised by the Tax Authority (ANAF), and for sanitary-veterinary aspects, by ANSVSA. If products under special regime (alcohol, tobacco) are marketed, an authorization from the Ministry of Finance is required.

Managing inventories and source documents is crucial: purchase invoices and accompanying waybills must be kept according to legal deadlines. Companies conducting intra-community transactions must register in the RO e-Factura system and declare them through the recapitulative statement 390. Also, for VAT on collection, the special regime applies if the turnover is under EUR 500,000.

Tax management, ANAF audit risk and specific accounting

Accounting for CAEN 4690 is kept based on the General Chart of Accounts. Revenue is recognized at the time of delivery, and the cost of goods sold is recorded using the weighted average cost (CMP) or FIFO method. VAT is collected at the standard rate of 19% (or reduced for certain products, such as food). It is mandatory to submit declarations 300, 390, 394 and the annual financial statements.

The main ANAF audit risk consists of undeclared income or lack of supporting documents for inventories. Annual inventory and reconciliation with accounting records are recommended. Fines for invoices not recorded in e-Factura can reach RON 5,000 for legal entities. Also, wholesalers acting as commissionaires must issue invoices for the services provided, not for the goods.

For tax optimization, micro-enterprises may opt for income tax at 1% on revenue if the turnover does not exceed EUR 500,000 and the company has at least one employee. Expenses related to salaries, rent and utilities are deductible.