28
Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c.
This division covers the manufacture of a wide range of mechanical machinery and equipment, from industrial engines and pumps to agricultural machinery and metalworking tools. In other words, it produces the 'tools' that help other industries function, whether in construction, agriculture, or goods production.
Entrepreneur Profile
This CAEN code 28 is intended for entrepreneurs and companies (SRL, PFA) wishing to develop a business focused on manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c.. It is ideal for founders aiming to offer specialized services or products in this economic niche within the Romanian market.
Who should avoid:
Avoid the exclusive use of code 28 if the main activity of your company shifts towards other commercial or related branches not specified in the official description. See the excluded activities section below.
CAEN Division 28: Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c. – a cornerstone of Romanian manufacturing
CAEN Division 28, entitled 'Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c.', represents one of the fundamental pillars of the manufacturing industry in Romania. It brings together a multitude of activities that underpin the efficient functioning of other economic sectors, from agriculture and construction to energy production and the food industry. The macroeconomic importance of this division is hard to overestimate: it provides the production technology for almost all other industrial branches, and its performance directly influences the productivity and competitiveness of the entire national economy.
In Romania, the machinery and equipment sector has experienced a winding evolution after 1990. During the transition period, many traditional factories were closed or privatized, but in recent years there has been a revitalization due to foreign investments and the growing demand for modern equipment. Romanian companies have started to produce more and more for export, benefiting from competitive costs and skilled labor. However, challenges remain significant: fiscal unpredictability, fierce Asian competition, and the constant need for innovation oblige entrepreneurs to invest in research and development to remain relevant in the global market.
A particularly relevant aspect of this division is the manufacture of bearings, gears, and gearboxes – essential components for any mechanical system. These parts are used in agricultural machinery, vehicles, construction equipment, and even medical devices. Their quality influences the lifespan and reliability of final products, and Romania has a long tradition in this field, with factories dating back to the interwar period. Entrepreneurs venturing into this niche must be aware of the need for international certifications (ISO), investments in precision machinery, and efficient supply chain management, as raw material costs (steel, alloys) are volatile.
In conclusion, CAEN Division 28 is a strategic branch for the Romanian economy with high growth potential, but which requires an entrepreneurial approach based on innovation, quality, and rapid adaptation to global technological trends. With the support of coherent industrial policies and access to European funds, this industry can become an engine of sustainable development and well-paid job creation.
Included Activities
- ✅ Manufacture of engines and turbines (except aircraft, vehicle and cycle engines)
- ✅ Manufacture of pumps and compressors
- ✅ Manufacture of taps and valves
- ✅ Manufacture of bearings, gears, gearing and driving elements
- ✅ Manufacture of ovens, furnaces and furnace burners
- ✅ Manufacture of lifting and handling equipment
- ✅ Manufacture of machinery for agriculture and forestry
- ✅ Manufacture of machine tools for metal working
- ✅ Manufacture of machinery for food, beverage and tobacco processing
- ✅ Manufacture of machinery for textile, apparel and leather production
- ✅ Manufacture of machinery for paper and paperboard production
- ✅ Manufacture of machinery for rubber and plastics processing
- ✅ Manufacture of other special-purpose machinery
Excluded Activities
- ❌ Manufacture of aircraft, vehicle and cycle engines (included in specific divisions)
- ❌ Manufacture of electrical and electronic equipment (divisions 26 and 27)
- ❌ Manufacture of road vehicles (division 29)
- ❌ Installation, repair and maintenance of machinery (included in services)
- ❌ Manufacture of weapons and ammunition (division 25)
- ❌ Manufacture of medical and precision instruments (division 26)
Similar or Related CAEN Codes:
From the same category of economic activities:
Întrebări Frecvente
What type of companies can use CAEN code 28?
Any legal entity in Romania (SRL, PFA, Individual Enterprise) performing activities related to "manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c." is required to have this code authorized in its articles of incorporation or at the Trade Register.
Are special permits required for CAEN 28?
The need for permits depends on the exact nature of the operations carried out under class 28. Some activities require authorizations from DSV, Environment, or Occupational Safety, while others can be conducted solely based on the self-declaration at incorporation.